Security Basics Essay Example for Free

Security Basics Essay Equipment firewalls are incorporated into the switch that sits between a PC and the Internet. They commonly use parcel sifting, which implies they examine bundle headers to decide their source, starting point, goal locations and check with the current client characterized rules to cause a to permit/deny choice. . Speed: Hardware firewalls are custom fitted for quicker reaction times, so it can deal with more traffic loads. Security: A firewall with its own working framework is less inclined for assaults. This thusly diminishes the security hazard and what's more, equipment firewalls have upgraded security controls. No Interference: Since the equipment firewall is a separated system part, it very well may be overseen better, and doesn't load or log jam different applications. The firewall can be moved, shutdown, or reconfigured with negligible impedance to the system. Fortinet firewall. Its the most unmistakable equipment firewall proposed by Gartner innovation inquire about gathering which is broadly utilized for Internet security. The key highlights of Fortinet equipment firewall are: Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) The IPS screens arrange exercises for vindictive or undesirable conduct and can respond, progressively, to square or forestall those exercises. AntiVirus/AntiSpyware/AntiMalware The progressed Antivirus innovation guarantees continuous insurance against a large number of assaults at the system entryway. Bolster two sorts VPN (SSL, Ipsec or Site-to-site) with bi-directional substance sifting. Reviews every significant convention like SMTP, POP3, IMAP, FTP, HTTP. Programming firewalls are introduced on singular servers. They capture every association ask for and afterward decide if the solicitation is legitimate or not. Programming firewall process all solicitations by utilizing the server assets. Aside from execution constraint, the product firewall has various favorable circumstances. While contrasting and the equipment firewalls, programming firewalls are simpler to arrange and arrangement. Through the product firewall, we can limit some particular application from the Internet. This makes the product firewall increasingly adaptable. The product firewall give clients unlimited authority on their Internet traffic through a decent easy to understand interface that requires practically zero information. Linux, CSF (ConfigServer Firewall) gives demonstrated security by means of the control boards like cPanel, DirectAdmin and Webmin. From that point, its very simple to alter configurate documents and stop, begin and restart the applications. This makes designing and dealing with the product firewall basic. For windows, its prescribed to stick on with the default windows programming firewall in light of the fact that the outsider programming firewall will make the server over-burden and this prompts poor server execution. Errand 2: McAfee, Panda, Norton, AVG, and Kaspersky all gives trail adaptations to their items. Just Panda, and AGV offer free forms of their product. Trojans horse programs in registering is commonly a non-self-imitating kind of malware program containing vindictive code that, when executed, does activities controlled by the idea of the Trojan, regularly causing misfortune or robbery of information, and conceivable framework hurt. This is typically contracted amusingly when attempting to free your pc of infections through online destinations which are fakes and in actuality acquaint you with one. Vindictive email connections are a route for a sender to transmit documents to another client by means of email. Likewise to garbage mail coming in your entryway at home, email clients routinely get spontaneous messages from obscure senders. These messages can regularly contain connections to noxious sites or have connections containing pernicious programming. Generally contracted from opening messages from known obscure sources. Drive-by-downloads A drive-by download alludes to the accidental download of an infection or pernicious programming (malware) onto your PC or cell phone. A drive-by download will ordinarily exploit (or â€Å"exploit†) a program, application, or working framework that is outdated and has a security imperfection. You get this by visiting sites running malevolent codes. Undertaking 3: Full Backups are-a finished reinforcement of all that you need back up. Rebuilding is very quick on the grounds that you’re just sponsorship up one set. Downside is the support up process is moderate, and requires high stockpiling. Differential Backups see which records you have changed since your last full reinforcement and afterward makes duplicates of the considerable number of documents not quite the same as thatâ one. Quicker to make than full reinforcements, rebuilding is quicker than utilizing steady reinforcement, and not as much stockpiling is required as a full reinforcements. Disadvantages are reclamation is more slow than a fullback, and making differential reinforcement is more slow than making a steady reinforcement. Gradual Backup-makes duplicates of the considerable number of documents, or parts of records that have changed since the past reinforcements of any sort. This technique is the quickest while making a reinforcement, and requires the least extra room. Downsides it’s the slowest for reclamation since it might require a few arrangements of information to completely reestablish. Reinforcements ought to be put away off-site in light of the fact that it’s a made sure about method of getting records far from programmers, and potential infection, its consistently essential to check to ensure it still practical. A chilly reinforcement site is minimal in excess of a suitably designed space in a structure. Everything required to reestablish administration to your clients must be secured and conveyed to the site before the procedure of recuperation can start. As you can envision, the defer going from a cool reinforcement site to full activity can be significant. There are the most economical to keep up. A warm reinforcement site is as of now loaded with equipment speaking to a sensible copy of that found in your server farm. To reestablish administration, the last reinforcements from your off-site storeroom must be conveyed, and uncovered metal rebuilding finished, before the genuine work of recuperation can start. Hot reinforcement destinations have a virtual perfect representation of your present server farm, with all frameworks arranged and standing by just for the last reinforcements of your client information from your off-site storeroom. As you can envision, a hot reinforcement site can frequently be raised to full creation in close to a couple of hours. Hot reinforcement site are the most costly way to deal with fiasco recuperation. Assignment 4: The secret word I decision to utilize was â€Å"Don’t stress over what life brings to you stress over how you’re going to manage it!†Dwawlbtywahygtdwi24

Beginning Psychology Essay

Starting Psychology Essay Starting Psychology Essay 1. Characterize brain research. - The logical investigation of psyche and conduct. 2. Clarify why utilizing instinct about regular conduct is lacking for totally understanding the reasons for conduct. - There are an assortment of inclinations that regularly impact our recognitions and lead us to make an inappropriate ends. 3. What are exact strategies? What is the logical technique? How do the two relate? Experimental strategy is an approach to gather and compose information and make inferences, similar to experimentation. Logical technique is one type of exact. Logical technique is set principles and strategies that researchers use to lead experimental strategies. 4. Name the three degrees of clarification (points of view) in brain research, and the procedure fundamental every one. Give a case of each identified with achievement in school. Lower †organic/An individual destined to extremely savvy guardians would be bound to be effective in school. Center †relational/A parent can show their kid that it is so essential to contemplate and empower passing marks. Higher †social/Other nations are increasingly forceful with educating and how much time kids spend at school and have better standards from their understudies. 5. Rundown and characterize the four difficulties of examining brain science. Singular contrasts †Each individual is exceptional. One individual could go into a profound sorrow subsequent to losing a friend or family member while another laments and proceeds onward showing just slight manifestations of wretchedness. Duplicate decided †There is once in a while only one purpose behind certain human conduct (brutality, youngster misuse). Connected causes †The reasons for specific practices are frequently connected so that is it troublesome or difficult to unravel which reason has the most impact. Oblivious procedures - Reasons we are uninformed of, one model is curbed recollections. 6. Rundown and characterize the five most significant inquiries that clinicians address. Nature versus sustain †The contrast between what is acquired (qualities) and our condition. Through and through freedom versus determinism †The distinction between having authority over one’s own activities or more impacted by factors out of one’s control. Precision versus incorrectness †The assurance that individuals can settle on great choice when those choices could really be affected by close to home inclinations and predispositions. Cognizant versus oblivious preparing †to know about what is making our activities as contradicted being ignorant of why we now and again act the manner in which we do. Contrasts versus similitudes †Are there contrasts among people? Contrasts due to culture or ethnicity? Or then again would we say we are all essentially the equivalent? 7. What is structuralism, created by Wundt? What technique did structuralists use to examine the psyche? What were the constraints of that strategy? What are the two â€Å"firsts† licensed to structuralists? Structuralism is the investigation of the cognizant mental components. Structuralists utilized reflection, members clarified their encounters while finishing undertakings. The impediments were that occasions where members couldn't clarify how they thought of answers for a basic math issue, the oblivious procedure. The acknowledgment of the oblivious procedure was one â€Å"first†. Another â€Å"first† was that Wundt found it took an individual longer to report an improvement as opposed to simply react to it. 8. What is functionalism, created by James? What field of brain research created out of functionalism? What is the significant impersonation of that field? Functionalism was to make sense of why creatures and people create specific mental angles. The field of transformative brain science created from functionalism. Its significant confinement is that we can't foresee which mental attributes our progenitors had. 9. What is the field of brain research that Freud created? What is the general impact of this methodology? What focal thoughts from that field are as yet critical to brain research today? The field Freud created was psychodynamic

5 Reasons Why Every Blogger Should Use MindMeister

5 Reasons Why Every Blogger Should Use MindMeister This is a guest post by Emily Dumas. Emily is a social media consultant and aspiring blogger from Massachusetts. You can follow her on Twitter or check out her new blog at www.emilyriane.com where she writes about social media, lifestyle and trends. As any successful blogger will tell you, organization is one of the key aspects of having a blog. You can mark-up your planners and make endless to-do lists, but how do you organize your evolving thought process? For me, jotting down notes can be useful but also so confusing! Ive occasionally entered what I thought was a great idea as a note into my iPhone; but then when I go back and read it I have no idea what my thoughts really were. This is where MindMeister comes in. MindMeister is an online mind mapping tool that lets you visualize your thoughts and map out content ideas on a canvas. Here are 5 reasons why I love MindMeister and why I think every blogger should give it a try: 1. You can completely outline your blog posts Have you ever had a thought that you just knew would be a great post? On MindMeister you can create a node  of your map solely dedicated to that thought. For example, my main mind map is simply called Blog Topics. The name is written in the center of the map and my various blog topics  just branch out from there. On my blog I recently published a post  about the new app beme. Before I started writing the article itself, I created  a new  node  for beme  in my mind map and then mapped out  all the specific topics I wanted to cover in the  article. As you can see below,  I used simple keywords to outline and structure the entire article (note: some were edited out). 2. You can add start    due dates This can be super useful if you are doing a specific series on your blog. I usually set dates up so that they remind me when to  start individual  posts and when to draft/edit/publish them. This allows me to apply my mind map to my editorial calendar  and keep posts on a perfect  schedule. Of course, you can also do it for individual posts. Knowing exactly when to start an article and when to post it helps you create a deliberate schedule which leaves plenty of interim time to edit your heart out. 3. You can insert photos right into your map Lets say you want to write a  post about a trip you took and you have different sub-sections  that require lots of fun pictures. With MindMeister you can not only map out your entire vacation and highlight the parts you want to touch on  in the post, but you can also include all the pictures you want to use  in the map so you don’t forget any when it comes time to publish your post. To upload and attach images to your topics  you do need to have an upgraded account but it is a really useful feature  if you are photo-heavy on your blog! 4. It can really help you with your brainstorming sessions One thing I have learned is that if you dont brainstorm and get all of your thoughts out, you have the potential to miss something HUGE. That can be said for  a blog post, a thesis paper or even a simple email. I cant put enough emphasis on how crucial brainstorming is… So go brainstorm! By using MindMeister to do it, you can create a node for  your central thought and  then branch off from there to note down  all the related thoughts/keywords/links etc. that come to mind. The mind map format seems ideal for this kind of brain dump as it creates a natural  flow of ideas and lets you grow your outline organically. 5. You can share your mind maps with anybody Even If youre not a blogger, sharing your mind map with people is a great option. You can show others your thought process or outlines and get feedback through comments and votes. If your blog is run by multiple authors  you can share each others mind maps to work together on creating the best posts for your audience. In order to share a map you just need to go to the  bottom footer of the map  and click the Share Map button. You will then be allowed to enter e-mail addresses and can send your mind map on its way! To summarize If you want to keep your thought process as organized as possible and visually outline your blog posts, then using  MindMeister is probably a good choice for you. You can download its mobile apps for  free from the Google Play Store and Apples App Store, or access its web version online. It has definitely helped me with the organization of my blog and I hope it will  help you, too!

Essay about Ben Franklin - 627 Words

Benjamin Franklin stands tall among a small group of men we call our Founding Fathers. Ben used his diplomacy skills to serve his fellow countrymen. His role in the American Revolution was not played out on the battlefields, but rather in the halls and staterooms of governments. His clear vision of the way things should be, and his skill in both writing and negotiating, helped him to shape the future of the United States of America. His most important service was as a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Although it was not accepted, he is reported to have been the author of the single legislative Assembly, instead of two branches. Other statesmen have considered bicameral assembly preferable, and which have since been adopted†¦show more content†¦He disapproved, also of the distinctions of rank incident to two assemblies, one being called the Upper and the other the Lower House, as having an aristocratical tendency, unfavorable to the liberty and equality which are the essence of republican institutions. Not only did Franklin argue the bicameral legislature, but he also argued the idea that each state should have an equal amount of votes, rather then vary by population. Franklin opposed it strenuously in the debates, as unjust and preposterous, since it gave to the smallest State the same power as to the largest. He said that if the practice had heretofore been necessary it was no longer so because it was easy to ascertain the comparative importance of the States, and to adjust the representation according to the number of inhabitants, and the degree of strength afforded by them respectively to the united body. Moreover, this method of voting by States had a mischievous effect in another point of view. The delegates acted as representatives of States and not of the people. They were naturally biased by local partialities and a tenacious adherence to State rights, which it was extremely desirable to keep out of sight at this time of common peril and calamity, and even forever if it was intended to strengthen and perpetuate the union. So lively an interest did he take in thisShow MoreRelated Ben Franklin Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesBen Franklin Benjamin Franklin was one of the most influential people in American history. Franklin was born on January 17, 1706, in a small town in Boston. Benjamin was one of ten children. His father, Josiah was a candle and soap maker, and his mother Abiah Folger was a homemaker. When Benjamin was only twelve years old he signed his identures so that he could apprentice under his brother, working at a printing press. Here he worked for his brother James for over nine years. BenjaminRead MoreEssay on ben franklin635 Words   |  3 Pages Ben Franklin Ben Franklin became famous for being a scientist, an inventor, a statesman, a printer, a philosopher, and a librarian. Today, we honor Ben Franklin as one of the men who founded America and as one of Americas greatest citizens. Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston on January 17, 1706. He was the tenth son of soap maker, Josiah Franklin. Though Ben only had one year of schooling he was educated and loved to read and write. He worked as an apprentice to his brother, James, who wasRead More Ben Franklin Essay780 Words   |  4 Pagesan historian looks at the present, he sees the effects of many events and many profound people. Benjamin Franklin is one of these people. His participation in so many different fields changed the world immensely. He was a noted politician as well as respected scholar. He was an important inventor and scientist. Particularly interesting is his impact on the scientific world. Benjamin Franklin was a modest man who had had many jobs in his lifetime. This may help explain his large array of inventionsRead MoreBen Franklin Research Paper1498 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsible for America’s success today. His name is Benjamin Franklin. This report will explain a lot of the signifi cant events in his life that really made him the influential figure that we know of today. Benjamin Franklin was known for being many things including a scientist, inventor, statesman, musician, philosopher, economist, and a printer. Saying he was one of the most influential figures in history is an understatement. Ben Franklin started his young life as a printer. Although, this was notRead MoreEssay about Ben Franklin700 Words   |  3 PagesBen Franklin Ben Franklin is one of the most dynamic figures in the history of America. As a philosopher, scientist, writer, inventor, diplomat, and more he had far reaching effects on America and the world both in his time and today. Franklin was one of the first people to recognize himself as American and distinguish the people of the new nation as something more than British colonists. As an American, Franklin sought to improve the country through the creation of institutions and theRead More Ben Franklin and William Bradford Essay503 Words   |  3 PagesBen Franklin and William Bradford Although William Bradford and Ben Franklin lived 100 years apart from one another, they share at least one common theme: each man adhered to and dedicated himself to a particular system of belief. One key difference between Bradford’s faith and Franklin’s ideal of success is that Bradford believed that the way to improvement was through God. Franklin believed that the only person or thing that could make things happen was you. Bradford’s point isRead MoreEssay on Ben Franklin: Early Life1685 Words   |  7 PagesBen Franklin: Early Life In his many careers as a printer, moralist, essayist, civic leader, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, and philosopher, for later generations of Americans he became both a spokesman and a model for the national character. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts on Jan. 17, 1706, into a religious Puritan household. His father, Josiah, was a candlemaker and a skillful mechanic. His mother, Abiah Ben’s parents raised thirteen children--the survivors of Josiah’s seventeenRead MoreBen Franklin Autobiography Summary1797 Words   |  8 PagesThe man Benjamin Franklin eventually became a man of good character and willingness to accept others. However, as the story of Ben Franklin unfolds you see he was indeed just a man. A man found to be of the same fault and human flaw as us all to which we were born, and that is into sin. Franklin as well as all people fell short. God told us in his word long before Ben Franklin ever existed. Romans 3:23 states â€Å"for all have si nned and fall short of the Glory of God.† (NIV). Franklin did prove howeverRead MoreHenry David Thoreau And Ben Franklin994 Words   |  4 Pagesnecessary for everyday life; it has become vital to a society that is ever more dependent on technology. Nevertheless, reading is beneficial in ways that listening and watching movies can never be. The works of Anne Bradstreet, Henry David Thoreau, and Ben Franklin help acknowledge this idea through the impacts they have had on readers still today. If you ask anyone about a book that was also made into a movie which they prefer, most of the time their response is that they preferred reading the book. WhyRead MoreAnalysis Of Ben Franklin And The Middle Of The Storm2070 Words   |  9 Pageslong way since they were first being discovered. That is not to say that what was originally thought is now wrong or obsolete, but rather has been added to or has been more refined. When most people think of electricity what comes to mind is Ben Franklin with his kite and a key in the middle of the storm. However, that is only one completely minor detail which led to the discovery and the ability to harness and use what was already happening in nature. Only on a scale that could be used by an

Organizational Culture of Starbucks - 1070 Words

Organizational Culture of Starbucks Benjamin A Chesney Com/530 Communications for Accountants January 28, 2013 Jon Zimmerman Organizational Culture of Starbucks Starbucks Coffee Company is a worldwide conglomerate. Their specialty is coffee. In addition to working as global leader of coffee distribution, Starbucks is also trying to be a global leader in responsibility. They want to show and teach the world that positive thinking, conflict resolution, and giving back to the community are things that people and companies should strive to do. Their quest is to inspire people. â€Å"Our mission: to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time.† (Starbucks,† n.d.). Starbucks has created†¦show more content†¦Starbucks also values making human connections and nurturing the human spirit. Customers are what drive and move this company forward; laughing and talking with its customers is at the forefront of Starbucks values. Allowing transference to occur with customers and employees creates a home-style, â€Å"get-to-know-you,† type feeling. Making these connections helps to elevate the spirit of the person who buys the coffee and is one of many reasons people enjoy sitting in the cafà © to drink and chat with friends. These small moments help to generate a positive energy for all who enter the store. Starbucks stores have a sense of inviting warmth to them because Starbucks is concerned about the positive energy it creates from making connections with people. Starbucks is always looking for the invitation to expand within the communities of the American people and worldwide. They are predicted to increase their visibility with more storefronts and, â€Å"Some analysts suggest it ultimately will exceed McDonald s 29,000 storefronts† (Plug, 2005. p. 285.). Communication and cultural boundaries can be a conflict for an American company expanding into foreign markets; however Starbucks has already penetrated Asian markets, like Japan, and performed well. They have learned to communicate effectively and overcome both cultural and communication borders based on their philosophy of being â€Å"invited† in rather than forcing their brand on a country. StarbucksShow MoreRelatedStarbucks Organizational Culture2278 Words   |  10 PagesHow Culture Affects Productivity Organizational culture and productivity are closely related. Simply stated, productivity is the art of getting the company s products and/or services to the custom er at the lowest possible cost. But it is more than that - it is related to quality, to customer needs and to labour relations. In other words, productivity and good management are inseparable. Productivity is a result of motivation, and motivation thrives in a good climate. If management is to transformRead MoreEssay on Starbucks: Organizational Culture1048 Words   |  5 PagesStarbucks: Organizational Culture When people think of the most popular coffee house in the country and world, they immediately think of Starbucks. Thats because its true, but what most people dont know is that Starbucks is also ranked #1 on the Most Admired Food Services Companies to work for (Americas most admired companies 2007, 2007), and # 16 Best Companies to work for (Best companies to work for 2007, 2007). It also ranked # 2 Most Admired Companies to work for over all, # 6 for BestRead MoreThe Components Of Starbucks Organizational Culture1432 Words   |  6 PagesRecommend the key components of Starbucks Organizational Culture that add to its accomplishment in a worldwide economy. Demonstrate administration s part with making and managing the authoritative society. Hierarchical society has a huge effect on the general execution of an organization. Authoritative society is the arrangement of imparted, underestimated verifiable presumptions that a gathering holds and that decides how it sees, contemplates, and responds to its different surroundings (BarneyRead MoreStarbucks Organizational Culture And Key Leadership1346 Words   |  6 Pages MGT500 Modern Management Prof.Carolyn Green 1/21/2017 Introduction: Starbucks Organizational Culture Key Leadership, Management Traits Starbucks distinctly stands out from other food or beverage chains in terms of the consistent quality of experience, that is symbolic of the company. A number of aspects have enabled the company to foster this consistency: a culture based on communication and centered around the customer, innovation in business practices, pioneeringRead MoreStarbucks s Organizational Culture And Its Impact On Organizational Success1210 Words   |  5 Pages Preston Lindsay Assignment 1: The Starbucks Strategy MBU 516: Managing People and Performance Dr. Stanley Randolph The Effectiveness of Starbucks’ Organizational Culture and its Impact on Organizational Success in Global Economy It is thoroughly clear that since 1990 The Starbucks Company had a major impact on, first the American, then the global coffee shop market. In the US alone, America housed just under 200 â€Å"freestanding† coffee houses, today, there are well overRead MoreThe Key Elements Of The Organizational Culture At Starbucks1447 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks is one of the most successful coffee chain which was founded in the year 1971 in the Seattle’s Pike Place market. This small stores tend to offer the best bean coffees in the city and draws the customers. In the year 1981, Howard Shultz became a part of the franchise. Since the early years, Starbucks garnered the attention which many companies desired. Further, numerous start-up companies aimed to emulate the success of Starbucks, but failed to reach even closer to that kind of successRead MoreStarbucks s Organizational Culture, Leadership, And Management Traits1260 Words   |  6 Pages Assignment 1: Starbucks’ Strategy Kitwana Abercrumbie Dr. David Wells MGT 500 Modern Management April 15, 2017 Starbucks is the world’s leading place to grab a cup of coffee, and the number one company worldwide in the food service industry. Although it is an American company, it is also the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world. Thanks in part to strong global sales, Starbucks was recently named by Fortune as one of the World s Most Admired Companies . ThroughRead MoreNot Just a Cup of Joe: Starbucks‚Äà ´ a Successful Organizational Culture789 Words   |  4 PagesWarner 1 Trae Warner Professor Shepersky Management 2000 11 May 2011 Not Just a Cup of Joe: Starbucks’ A Successful Organizational Culture The Starbucks story began in 1971 in Seattle’s Pike Place Market, selling high-quality dark-roasted coffee in small batches. The bean roaster and retail store was originally started by three partners, Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegel, and Gordon Bowker. The three later sold the company to Howard Schultz in 1987. Howard Schultz had a strategy and a vision for theRead MoreEssay about Starbucks Organizational Behavior1463 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks Organizational Behavior A companys understanding and use of organizational behavior concepts can make or break it. Just as important, if a company ignores these same concepts, it can easily spell disaster. Starbucks intertwines and successfully uses three main organizational behavior concepts to increase the strength of the organization: organizational culture, organizational structure and motivation. The implementation of these concepts has definitely benefited the company, creatingRead MoreEssay about Mgt 5001528 Words   |  7 PagesStarbucks’ Strategy Assignment 1 By: Allen Jones Luna 28 October 2013 MGT 500: Modern Management Professor: Dr. Tony Muscia Suggest the key elements of Starbucks’ Organizational Culture that contribute to its success in a global economy. Indicate management’s role with creating and sustaining the organizational culture. Organizational culture has a significant impact on the overall performance of a company. Organizational culture is â€Å"the

Pricing-to-Market and Its implications for PPP Free Essays

Introduction At present, with the increasing process of globalization, the world is integrated as a huge market. International trade is becoming increasingly important between countries. Therefore, exchange rate are now of great concern, people care about its ups and downs, and its implications, especially, to what extent will the exchange rate change influence the price of imported or exported goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing-to-Market and Its implications for PPP or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important to introduce the idea of PTM to understand this question. The article will first introduce the concept of pricing to market, and then introduce the implications of pricing to market for purchasing power parity. Finally, I will give the conclusion. Review of PTM PTM is considered to be a phenomenon, and this happens in international trade between countries. When the market is in division and there is no â€Å"hot money†, exporters could set different prices according to the places importing from them; they could choose either producer currency pricing or local currency pricing. When producer currency is used, devaluation reduces export price of local commodities, change in exchange rate has conducting effect to price, therefore guarantees the effectiveness of one price law and purchasing power parity; however when local currency pricing is chosen, devaluations of producer currency does not affect export price of commodities since they are priced in local currency. International trade cost is essential in pricing to market. Atkeson and A.Burstein(2008) stated that without international trade costs, even in the presence of variable markups that lead to incomplete pass-through, we have no pricing-to-market. Hence, imperfect competition with variable markups is necessary, but not sufficient, for pricing-to-market. It is widely believed that PTM does not apply to all categories of goods, that it , the extent of Pricing to market varies in different goods trade. Krugman.P(1987) stated that:† PTM is not universal, pricing to market seems to be limited to the transportation equipment and machinery industries† according to his research on US and Germany. In short, PTM refers to the action of a firm to set different price of the same product in different markets. Implications of PTM for PPP and empirical evince on that 1. PPP was first formally introduced by Gustav Cassell in 1920, it was aimed to provide a standard for currencies to slove the problem of compensations after the first world war. It indicates that when consumers purchase identical products in any market worldwide, the quantity of money should be the same when measured in one currency (Hallwood and MacDonald, 2000). At present time, PPP has two functions in economics: one, to judge a currency has whether been over or under estimated, second, as a tool of conversion, to convert GDP or GNP of one country from its own currency into another, therefore compare the economic strength between them. PPP has now been developed into two forms, the absolute ppp and relative ppp. Absolute ppp is based on the law of one price, the theory of absolute purchasing power parity states that the same basket of goods should sell for the same price everywhere (Alessandria,GKaboski,P,K, 2009), while relative ppp debates that exchange rates can be adjusted according to the inflation differentials existing in two markets (Pilbeam, 2006). Unquestionably, the implication of PTM for purchasing power parity is influential according to many researches and studies done. PTM weaken the influence of PPP. The theory of PPP indicates that significant change in exchange rate should result in the devaluation of national inflation and appreciation of national deflation. But the truth is that, either the ups or downs of exchange rate did not significantly affect the inflation. One reason why exchange rate is such insignificant is obvious: exchange rate does not affect volume of trade and total price, as what people expected. The reason lies here is PTM, producers exporting commodities to other countries did not change exporting prices as people expected. For instance, when Japanese producer exporting automobiles into American market, they will set their products’ dollar price on the basis of specific situations in American market. If yen was in an appreciation, they would, by and large, reduce the yen price but not raise th e dollar price to maintain its current business scale in American market. They would rather to eliminate the effects caused by change of exchange rate by adjustments within the enterprise itself. In such condition, exchange rate could not play the important role as it should have played. Betts,C and Devereux M,B (1998) argued that: â€Å"PTM plays a central role in exchange rate determination and in international macroeconomic fluctuations.† The pass-through from exchange rate changes to prices is strongly restricted by actions of PTM. They also stated that: â€Å"PTM generates departures from purchasing power parity; it tends to reduce the comovement in consumption across countries, while increasing the comovement of output.† (Betts,C and Devereux M,B ,1998). Generally, according to theory of one price and purchasing power parity, changes in exchange rate would pass through efficiently to prices, that prices will be adjusted until it fits the changes in exchange rate, and there will finally be equilibrium. But PTM, as personal actions of enterprises, to some extent, obstructs the channel of passing through. In the conditions of high PTM extent, devaluation of exchange rate has a very limited impaction on the prices determination of imported commoditie s, as (Betts,C and Devereux M,B ,1998) stressed:†the allocative effects of exchange rate changes are therefore wakened.† PTM also has important welfare implications for the transmission of monetary policy shocks. (Betts,C and Devereux M,B ,1998). In a situation under PPP, an unexpected expansion of monetary policy will result in increase in welfare of all organization, no matter home ones or foreign ones. Betts,C and Devereux M,B ,(1998) concluded that: â€Å"Monetary policy is a ‘beggar- thy-neighbor’ instrument in the presence of PTM†. 2. The phenomenon of pricing to market is everywhere in our daily life, and it significantly weaken the influence of law of one price and theory of purchasing power parity, tells people the truth that the same amount of currency could not always buy same basket of goods in different countries’ market. Since the same product could be priced differently in two countries, there will be space of arbitrage. I found exactly the same mode of DELL laptop both sold in U.S and China, on EBay, this dell allienware m15x is priced $1449.99, on the official site of dell china, it is priced 16999 RMB, according to the present exchange rate of RMB over US dollar: 6.573, 16999RMB is $2586, it is $1086 more that in US. Obviously, the transportation cost to bring one laptop from US to China is far more less than $1086. It can be implied that many people will try smuggling commodities like this laptop to earn profits. Conclusion As above discussion, PTM is important in the determination of exchange rate, higher the PTM is, less influence will the exchange rate change make on prices. It also makes significant welfare implications for the transmission of monetary policy shocks. PTM and its implication on PPP is still necessary to be further researched. Reference Krugman, P. (1986), â€Å"Pricing to Markets when exchange rate changes†, In: Arndt, S.W., Richardson,J.D. (Eds.), Real-Financial Linkages among Open Economies. MIT Press, Cambridge. Mark, N. C. (2001), International macroeconomics and finance: theory and econometric methods, Wiley-Blackwell. Sarno, L. Taylor, M.P. (2002), â€Å"new open-economy of macroeconomics†. In The economics of exchange rate, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Hallwood, P. and MacDonald, R. (2000) International Money and Finance, 3rd ed.Blackwell. Pilbeam, K . (2006) International Finance, 3rd ed. MacMillan. Atkeson,A Burstein,A (2008) â€Å"Pricing-to-market, Trade cost, and International Relative Price*†. University of California, Los Angeles and Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Alessandria,GKaboski,P,K (2009) â€Å"Pricing-to-Market and the Failure of Absolute PPP† Betts,C and Devereux M,B (1998), â€Å"Exchange rate dynamics in a model of pricing-to-market† in Journal of International Economics 50 (2000) 215–244 alienware m15x items- get great deals on PC Laptop notebooks,alienware m17x items on eBay.com! (2011). Retrieved March 9, 2011 from http://shop.ebay.com/i.html?_nkw=alienware+m15x_frs=1_trksid=p3286.c0.m359 Dell (2011). Retrieved March 9, 2011 from http://www1.ap.dell.com/content/topics/topic.aspx/ap/topics/microsite/zh/odg_campaign?c=cncs=cndhs1l=zhs=dhs~ck=mn How to cite Pricing-to-Market and Its implications for PPP, Essay examples

Opportunity Cost

Introduction Conventionally, human wants far exceed the available resources to satisfy them. Resources are always scarce in an economy and in order to satisfy human needs, it becomes imperative to make choices concerning which needs are to be satisfies first and the one’s to be deferred or forgone.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Opportunity Cost specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This brings in the concept of opportunity cost to show the value of the needs that need to be satisfied first and those that need to be postponed to a further date. This study will analyze the concept of opportunity cost and how individual consumers, firms, and governments utilize it to allocate scarce resources in the economy. Opportunity cost By definition, opportunity cost is simply the cost of foregone alternatives. It is the cost of the best alternative, which has been sacrificed in order to spend the available resources on a certain need. Individual consumers, firms and governments use this concept to ensure that the available resources are used efficiently. It measures the cost of what has been foregone in financial or monetary terms. According to Frederick, Novemsky, Wang, Dhar and Nowlis, consumers always face the issue of opportunity cost when making purchasing decision (553). For example, a student may be in need of two textbooks; business and economics text book which cost $20 each yet his/her parent gives him only $ 20 to buy the textbooks. Given this scenario, the students cannot afford to buy the two textbooks simultaneously since the amount of money s/he has can only purchase one textbook. The student therefore has to make a prioritized choice on which textbook to buy first and which one to defer to a future date. S/he has to apply the concept of scarcity and choice since s/he has more than one need to satisfy with just a few resources ($20). If s/he chooses to buy a business textbook, th e opportunity cost will be economics textbook, which s/he will do without for the time being. If s/he happens to buy economic textbook, the opportunity cost will be business textbook that s/he has to sacrifice in order to buy the economics textbook. Therefore, the student has no option other than to forego one of his/her needs in order to satisfy the other. The concept of opportunity cost also applies in government activities where government is faced with so many public needs yet the available resources to satisfy the needs are limited. For instance, a government may need to finance free university education and at the same to provide cheap and quality health care services.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government is required to finance these two public needs yet the funds to meet the two expenses simultaneously are not available. The government is therefore requ ired to postpone one of the needs in order to finance the other. Thus, opportunity cost will be the cost of the public needs that has to be postponed in order to satisfy the other. According to Devadoss and Wongun, firms also have limited factors of production, which need to be allocated efficiently to maximize the profit (729). From the above analyses, the concept of opportunity cost is very important when individual consumers, firms, and governments are making decision on how to allocate scarce resources at their disposal in order to fulfill their endless needs (Victoravich 85). Since production resources do not increase with increase in the number of needs that need to be satisfied, increased spending in one area means decreased spending in another area. This allocation of limited resources is well illustrated by production possibility curve that shows how limited resources are allocated to varying needs in the economy. Production possibility curve (PPC) Production possibility cu rve is a curve or a graph that shows how limited factors of production can be allocated between two commodities. The curve illustrates efficient production level of two commodities using a fixed factor of production. For example, governments can use PPC curve to know the most efficient way to allocate limited inputs (capital and labor) in the production of two types of commodities like maize and motor vehicles. PPC will show what will happen to the other commodity if the government increases production of one commodity (Dalal 958). For instance, if the government increases production of motor vehicle, the PPC will show what will happen to the production maize. Therefore, PPC will help the government to know the most efficient level of production. Conclusion The concept of opportunity cost is therefore very important while making microeconomic policies. Economic resources are always scarce and human needs are ever increasing such that, individual consumers, firms, and governments hav e no option but to make choices on how to allocate the available limited resources more efficiently. Policy makers have to sacrifice or forego some needs to fulfill the most pressing ones. Governments have to consider and prioritize all its public expenditures in order to ensure that the scarce resources are allocated in the most maximizing way to the economy. The same concept will also apply to all firms that need to allocate inputs in the most efficient way in order to maximize profits. Works Cited Dalal, Ardeshir. â€Å"The Production Possibility Frontier as a Maximum Value Function: Concavity and Non-increasing Returns to Scale.† Review of International Economics 14.5 (2006): 958-967.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Opportunity Cost specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Devadoss, Stephen, and Wongun, Song. â€Å"Factor Market Oligopsony and the Production Possibility Frontier.† Review of Intern ational Economics 11. 4 (2003): 729-744. Frederick, Shane, Novemsky, Nathan, Wang, Jing, Dhar, Ravi and Nowlis, Stephen. â€Å"Opportunity Cost Neglect.† Journal of Consumer Research 36.4 (2009): 553-561. Victoravich, Lisa Marie. â€Å"When Do Opportunity Costs Count? The Impact of Vagueness, Project Completion Stage, and Management Accounting.† Behavioral Research in Accounting, 22.1 (2010): 85-108. This term paper on Opportunity Cost was written and submitted by user Sebastian Berg to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Would You Use Marijuana Professor Ramos Blog

Would You Use Marijuana People use marijuana all around the world, it can be used in many different ways. Marijuana can be ingested, inhaled and even used in rubs for pain relief. A ton of people use it for pain relief, anxiety or even help sleeping. It is used by all ages as well, a family in Georgia was concerned about there 15 year old son, so they let him try marijuana and it helped stop his seizures and it worked. They had to make the right choice for their son’s health, despite what would happen and georgia took their son away from them and thrown into a group home to suffer from seizures with no working medicine. How can people get healthy medicine for a reasonable price today? Secondly moving from pharmacies to medical marijuana and the benefits that may follow. Lastly how marijuana abuse may affect the world we live in today. At this time all medicinal marijuana shops are forced to clear there shelves of everything that isnt lab tested, they are trying to eliminate heavy metals, pesticides, and microorganisms, such as E. coli. As they work to permit all people above twenty one to be able to buy marijuana. States are now requiring testing for tetrahydrocannabinol better known as THC, the patients would like to know what they are using for both recreational and medicinal users. As companies are forced to lab test everything on the shelves, it now means the prices of the medicine is going to rise. Due to there being many different forms of medicinal marijuana there is marijuana plant form, edibles, tinctures, and vape cartridges it is going to take a fair amount of time to run each test. Due to concentrating cannabis to create oils, waxes and tinctures may concentrate pesticide residue which may end up in edibles or other forms of medicine. In denver one of the first states to legalize marijuana they require d food safety inspections on marijuana products and requires them to keep the edibles refrigerated at 41 degrees or less. The foods must be refrigerated and processed to avoid developing dangerous bacteria. Marijuana has been used for thousands of years for medical use, doctors not prescribing alot of cancer, HIV or positive for epilepsy, it now enables others to try it. There has been many different cases for all different ages trying marijuana, I mean my grandparents tried it for the first time after hearing all the benefits of it, helping sleep, relax when its that time and to focus more on what your trying to do. In this case, â€Å"My son was diagnosed with ADHD when he was 6, a Grass Valley, Calif., woman who wished to remain anonymous told Sphere. He was hyperactive and had trouble in school, but we didnt want to put him on Ritalin. Too many side effects. When he got to high school, I suddenly noticed that hed calmed and could concentrate. I couldnt figure it out. Then he told me that hed started smoking pot.(anonymous woman). It was very beneficial to the boy because he finally found out what could help him sit still and relax. Although it is very helpful she wants to remain an onymous due to the fact she may get in trouble with the law. The decision was made from a pile of supporting evidence that the medical use of marijuana can be beneficial in many ways. Suzanne and Matthew out of Macon Ga, wanted to let there son try marijuana to prevent multiple seizures from happening daily, and they were concerned about his life. There desicion landed them getting multiple fines and even getting the boy taken from them. â€Å"For 71 days he was not having any seizures and was able to go ride his bike, go play, lift waits and be a kid. We were able to achieve that with david not medicated from Big Pharma, but david Medicated with marijuana.† (Mr. Brills) .   He states that the police would much rather battle the legality of the marijuana and not the well being of the 15 year old boy. There is a new form of medication for epilepsy and it contains a ingredient of cannobonal that is found in marijuana, and it helps treat two rare forms of epilepsy. It would be the first time cannabis is allowed in a derived prescription in the U.S and would not contain the THC to get you high. Mr. Brills states that it shouldnt be handed out to everyone with epilepsy but at least looked at and there is an alternative then only giving the patients one choice of medicine strictly from pharmacies. Marijuana can be used for many different reasons, since marijuana has been legalized in 2004, about 100,000 medical marijuana cards have been issued. Once it became legal everyone started to experiment and making tea, budder, and many other fancy tricks, when back then it was only used in blunts, water pipes and bongs. From early age to elderly age smoking marijuana you will sure start to feel the symptoms, troubles with breathing, lung inflammation, and cancer may appear over time. I feel a lot of people lack the proper knowledge of marijuana due to the fact they dont want to release the information until they must. They do not want people to know the research behind the medicine to be able to present it. Over heavy use of smoking it, it may cause lung inflammation, irritation and does lead to respiratory problems. It can also affect the immune system and most pot users smoke tobacco witch can cause cancer, due to marijuana still being in motion they cannot teach us the benefits of the product just yet. There is many things you should be informed on about marijuana the benefits of the medicine and the cons of it as well, due to there being so many fake companies selling contaminated things, even though they should be thrown out and burned. People nowadays are getting contaminated medicine and using it. Also how many people are no longer going to pharmacies and have completely switched up. They have known seen the piling evidence stating that marijuana is beneficial in many ways. Pharmacies dont help curtain things like seizures or epilepsy there is only one cure to that at this time, marijuana has helped in many cases from helping underage patients stunt there seizures and be able to live the everyday life. It would be great to regulate those who are in actual need of their medication. Today marijuana is used world wide so it would be nice to know the proper dosage, nowadays people go by who can roll the fattest or who can take the fattest hit, when you need to know how much your in haling/ingesting so you know your potential risk. People dont know the proper dosage on half of there meds used today and that is a big problem. People tend to abuse pot and sit around all day or get to high off the THC that they cannot move. Marijuana Annotated Bib Quinton, Sophie. â€Å"Testing for Tainted Marijuana Challenges States.†stateline.org, Dec,2017. SIRS Issues Researcher. People have really been moving on from the old tradition, a gold old joint will do. Now the want all sorts of different things that you can eat, put in your pocket and hit(cartridge).This really caught my attention due to all of the things that are happening right now, here in California. All contaminated products must be wiped clean from the shelves and not sold at all. Actually to be burned and all of the other product in the shop, cartridges, edibles,   any type of product that can be contaminated must be thrown out or burned. The prices that it cost to get your product is outrageous.    Quinton, Sophie. â€Å"Testing For Tainted Marijuana Challenges States.†stateline.org, 28 Dec, 2017 SIRS Issues Researcher. Pot is a really big benefit around the world from helping many people out with pain, anxiety and eating disorders and it also helps many people of all ages with seizures. It is used for cancer and helps nausea, it just needs to be clear of how much to consume for each person. Also, it creates money all around from there being 135,000 people employed in the marijuana business and generating 1.8 billion in income. At Least 300 million of that is going to state taxes. They are allowed to rent out buildings or buy them as well creating a lot of higher taxes to be payed and generating more money all around. It was classified as a schedule one drug it needs to be clear to the people that it is not as dangerous as people make it sound. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) wrote in its webpage Marijuana: Facts Parents Need to Know on drugabuse.gov (accessed Oct. 18, 2011): Does marijuana cause cancer, That hasnt been proven yet but it does cause lung irritation or increases the likelihood to throat respiratory problems like toxins. It also affects the immune system and most of the pot smokers do smoke tobacco which will cause cancer. If you repedely smoke it will lead to a cough or much worse like chest pain, phlegm and other problems. Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo, and Eric L. Sevigny. Marijuana liberalization policies: why we cant learn much from policy still in motion. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 33.1 (2014): 212-221. Due to marijuana still being in motion they cannot teach us the benefits of it, they only want us to know thee bad and think nothing of it. Now that it has been legalized for 17 years in california and legalized in many other locations now all around the world. They never wanted people to know the research behind it and to be able to present it. Although there are scientist studying the pros and the cons of it. They dont want to release the information until they must. A lack of information is making this report hard, i wonder what they do with the information they dont want us to see. Degenhardt, Louisa, and Wayne D. Hall. The adverse effects of cannabinoids: implications for use of medical marijuana. Canadian Medical Association Journal 178.13 (2008): 1685-1686. Marijuana has been used for thousands of years for medical purposes, if it is authorized by doctor alot of cancer, Hiv positive or epilepsy, people will give it a try. The decision was made on a pile of supporting evidence that the medical use of marijuana is beneficial in many ways. Over the years, prolonged marijuana smoking can cause troubles with breathing, lung inflammation and cancer may arise from the way of smoking. From childhood to elderly age smoking you will sure start to feel the symptoms. The use of cannabinoids have been approved for use in the united states, united kingdom, and in canada. Volkow, Nora D., et al. Adverse health effects of marijuana use. New England Journal of Medicine 370.23 (2014): 2219-2227. Marijuana can be consumed and made into a variety of different things. It can be brewed into tee, mixed into a food product, and smoked in many different forms as well. Once people found out it was legal the experimenting starting going. The most popular back in the day was inhaling the green buds that you put in your pipe, bong or blunt and hit it. Its goes to all ages, it is really up to the parent if they should let their kid try it. If the kid is having symptoms like seizures, ADHD and cant sit still in a classroom, maybe a edible or a hit of cannabis can help him concentrate and stay in class. What makes the food that can be consumed is the oil base that comes off of the flower.

Your Professional Bio How to Decide What to Include

Your Professional Bio How to Decide What to Include By Barbra Sundquist, Guest Blogger How Ever Do You Choose? Probably the hardest part of writing a professional bio is deciding what to put in and what to leave out.   After all, a bio is supposed to be short.   But most of us have done lots of different things in our work careers. How do you decide what to focus on? Theres a simple answer: focus on whats going to be most relevant and impressive to your target reader. A Bio is Not a Resume. You dont have to list everything youve ever done. Just focus on the parts that are going to sell you to your reader. So How  Do  You   Sell Yourself  ?   Heres How I Did It: When I wrote my bio for  HowToWriteBio.com, I focused on my technical writing and business coaching background the information that shows I know what Im talking about when it comes to writing professional bios. Thats what you want to know about me in this context, right?   You dont really care that over the past 30 years I have also been a waitress, private eye, bank teller, piano teacher, landscaper, university instructor, management consultant and business coach (and yes, I have been all those things). I left out that history and focused on what would â€Å"sell† me to people thinking about purchasing one of my bio templates. This is what I came up with: Barbra Sundquist is an experienced technical writer and business coach with a gift for taking complex info and making it clear. Over the past 20 years, Barbra has interviewed over 2500 people in a wide range of jobs to create their job profiles. She brings this broad knowledge of different jobs to her work as a bio template writer. Stick to the Program! As you can see, I don’t mention all my previous jobs. I don’t even mention that I have a bachelor’s degree in psychology and a master’s degree in public administration. What I do include is the information that is relevant to my audience: 1) technical writer with 20 years experience (lets the reader know that I am an expert writer with many years of experience) 2) business coach (assures the reader that I understand business and what’s required for a good professional bio) 3) interviewer of  over 2500 people in a wide range of jobs (again, lets the reader know that I have lots of experience doing this exact thing) Targeted Advertising My bio is targeted toward people who are on my How To Write Bio website. They’re reading my bio because they’re deciding whether I sound like someone they would be willing to buy a bio template from. So I make sure to include only the information that answers that question. I don’t distract them with other information. A bio is a little advertisement for you.   Think about who will be reading your bio and what you want them to know about you.   Then advertise your best and most relevant features! About the author: Barbra Sundquist helps people communicate much more quickly and effectively on a broad range of subjects. Her most popular website is www.HowToWriteBio.com. Category:Bio WritingBy Brenda BernsteinAugust 16, 2009

Media as a Global Standardiser Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media as a Global Standardiser - Assignment Example Thirdly, can a media holding private interests actually operate as a public sphere forum effectively?   The public sphere as a concept is most often associated with Jurgen Habermas, who conceptualized the idea in his book â€Å"The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere† (1962) – an inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. According to this work by Habermas, the public sphere in its most basic and ideal form is a realm or space where opinions particularly focusing on the needs of society are freely and openly exchanged between people without any restraints or external hinderances. (Habermas 1991: 176)This realm can also be a â€Å"virtual or imaginary community† (Soules: para 2) whose existence may not necessarily occur in any singular space. In today’s modern wold, where massive global communication networks spread their webs over the world, the current media scenario in all its forms and branches is the closest substitute to Habermasâ€⠄¢s ideal and the best implement towards working and achiving that goal. However, we must ask ourselves that how comfortably positioned is this role with a vehicle that is propelled, fuelled and controlled primarily by the private interests of media conglomerates, corporate sponsorship and state string pulling? The public sphere is a multifaceted entity possessing a number of interlinked functions. It is through the processes of dialogue and particularly through means of critical discussion and debate that opinions and attitudes are generated in the public sphere (Soules: para 2) and is a foundation for â€Å"emancipatory social thought† (Holub 1997: para 7). In an ideal state, the function of the public sphere is to act as a mediatory space between society and the state. It is the source of mass opinion which is required to legitimize and guide the state’s affairs (Soules: para 2), and challenge and legitimize governments and authority (Rutherford 2000: 18 ).   Habe rmas traces the origin and in a way proper concretization and emergence of an entity resembling the public sphere in 18th century emerging from the growth of coffee houses, the emergence of literary societies, and the expansion and rise of print media. As part of their efforts to keep the state under its reins, the parliaments and other agencies of representation based governments have sought to manage this public sphere (Soules: para 4). Habermas also acknowledges that there are precedents to public culture and traces their roots to the ancient Greeks. He mentions how in the discussion among its citizens, citizens interacted as equal and only through this interaction without restraints was it that that which existed in the public sphere become apparent, and in entering into the public sphere, by the core nature of the sphere as inclusive of all, become apparent to all (Habermas 1991: 4). He has however been criticized for idealizing the rational discussions of the 18th century bour geois ignoring â€Å"‘the extent to which its institutions were founded on sectionalism, (and) exclusiveness.’† (Eley 1992: 321 in Crossley 2004: 11). Habermas' idea of the public sphere refers to a realm between the state and civil society where decisions were publicly reached through rational discourse. He identifies the English press in the nineteenth century as the prime of the public sphere, in which a multitude of ideas were aired free from contextual

AICP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AICP - Research Paper Example An organization like American Society of CPAs relies so much on internal auditors. Such auditors need to apply and uphold the ethical principles such as integrity to give a basis on reliance on their judgment. Secondly, they need to observe objectivity that makes them not to be led by their interest but the truth. Confidentiality and competency are another lot that need to be observed. The most important aspect of ethical principles is their consistency maintenance, implementation, and determination of their effectiveness to an institution such as American Society of CPAs (Braxton, 2012). The maintenance of ethical code of professional conduct is the most important in making sense of the codes to the institution. The maintenance is due to ever changing conducts of the professionals working to an institution. It ensures that the most current code of ethics is consistent with demand of the institution. To fulfill the maintenance of code of ethics, surveillance need to be done continuously on the auditors behavior to note on any aspect that may compromise the professionalism of auditing. An institution like American Society of CPAs need to update the code of ethics now and then as the demand arises (Cascarino, 2007). According to Braxton (2012), the presence of sound code of ethics in any institution without implementation is as good as not having one. In that light, the implementation now brings the essence of the code of ethics. The implementation comes with changes that the code of ethics is made to fulfill. For an organization such as American society of CPAs to implement the code of ethics, it has to come up with institutional policies that will safe guide the interest of the code of ethics. If any auditor goes against the policy of observing the code of ethic then disciplinary action should be taken. It is only through institutionalization of policies that will ensure the code of ethics is

Pulse :: Movies Entertainment Media Essays

Pulse Pulse is superficially many movies. It is a 2001 vehicle for director Kiyoshi Kurosawa to gain international reputation. It is a teen horror movie. It is a ghost story. How one reads this movie determines, to a large extent, what one sees in it. And while this means we cannot hope to discover one already present Truth waiting for us in the ebbs and flows image and sound that comprise the film, we can still interpret film and give contesting interpretations over the facts and implications of every frame and every sweeping plot summary. To offer one such plot synopsis now, the movie is â€Å"basically† about two separate groups of young Japanese men and women coming into contact, through information technology and forbidden rooms, with ghosts whose mysterious effects remove the population of the planet and drive the only survivors the film shows onto a ship headed to Latin America. One group, of whom only one survives, works in a greenhouse and happens upon the ghosts thr ough a computer wizard friend, who immediately kills himself. The other pair are at the University and come upon ghosts both through computer-illiterate Kawashima and through a graduate student who makes a â€Å"miniature model of our world†. I will consider Noà «l Carroll’s cognitive psychological model of horror film, and then Steven Shaviro’s theory of The Cinematic Body, offering, between the two, a path of interpretation of the film in details and broader theme. First I will try to imagine Pulse within the model of cognitive psychology suggested by Noà «l Carroll. The movie, as horror film, is a narrative of curiosity. This can take place in a scientific model of observation, hypothesis formation, testing the hypothesis, and confrontation. However, it could potentially take place in any particular expression of curiosity (e.g. surrealist, playful, theological or paranoiac), in any (sub/counter)culture, indeed multiple curiosities should be possible all at once. This explains Pulse a bit like the graduate student: the (scary) problem is mysterious, so we (audience/some narrative force) can and will investigate in order to deal with â€Å"the problem†, and satisfy our desire to know. The theory addresses itself to watchers of horror films, but depends on the unfolding of a narrative of discovery. At other levels than the sweeping plot of the entire film, the theory offers more insights.

Perception and/or Reception of the Naked Child and Teenage Body in Art and the Media

Introduction and Research Question: The topic, which, we will research, is the perception and/or reception of the naked child and teenage body in art and the media. The hypothesis that we have concluded is that ‘children and teenagers posing nude for art or in the media is seen as the cause for over-sexualization in children and teenagers’. The naked body has been a topic of art and seen in the media as an ongoing issue. Child and teenage nudity has been featured in art from the 14th and 15th century, as well as in renaissance art, controversially through Bill Henson’s photography and in modern fashion shoots featuring teenage celebrities such as Miley Cyrus. This research proposal will aim to find the viewpoint of University students when shown images of teenage nudity in art and the media. This issue is an important research topic as opinions have varied in society about the impact and appropriateness of teenagers featuring in these public platforms and whether this is a cause of over-sexualisation. The effect of this issue will rely on the individual opinions in society of the definition of art. The main people being affected by this issue are the teenage population who have access to any media forms and art. The artists, such as Bill Henson are also affected as they are accused of producing inappropriate art even though they are trying to portray youth. This topic interests a large percentage of the population including teenagers, parents, media viewers and media producers. To carry out this research a focus group will be held involving undergraduate Mass Communications and Media students from Murdoch University. The opinions, beliefs and attitudes will be gathered concerning the chosen topic to then be able to compile a research report based on the findings of the focus group. Literature Review: Child and adolescent nudity has taken commonplace in art throughout history, from Renaissance paintings and sculptures to religious masterpieces. As time has gone on and technology has advanced these depictions of child and teen nudity have changed, and are often frowned upon in today’s society; today photographs, artworks and media of teenagers and children naked are often challenged as being sexualized or pornographic and nudity has become a highly controversial area with regards to children. For centuries naked children have been depicted in religious painting and scenes in the forms of cherubs, which are usually naked, posed winged toddlers. In the 14th and 15th centuries these biblical children were not seen as ‘real’ children but as symbolic religious representations of children, and this distinction was very clear. In these depictions, presenting children nude was usually seen as presenting them in the form that God had made them and was done to highlight their purity. But with the development of realism and photography this line has now become blurred. Due to the realism of photography it has lead people to believe that it is ‘real’, and as a result there is confusion between iconic symbolic children, and the general child. Gittins 1998, 119) During the Italian Renaissance era nude boys were often featured in paintings, especially in those with biblical themes. However, centuries later many artists began to depict paintings of nude children that carried no religious reference or context. For instance, Henry Scott Tuke painted nude adolescent boys doing everyday activities and although these paintings were not overly erotic and showed no genitalia they were a step away from the traditional biblical naked children. Johnson 2005, 102-104) Just a century after Tuke started depicting nude children in everyday activities professional photographers presented photographic exhibitions and books of posed naked children and adolescents. When Bill Henson’s exhibition opened on the 22nd of May 2008 many articles were written expressing the controversy and public opinions of the featured child nudity. An article written by David L. Isaacs and Thomas G. Isaacs titled â€Å"Is child nudity in art ever pornographic† was published in the Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. This article discusses the important debate on censorship, which followed Bill Henson’s exhibition. This debate between the two authors resulted in the view that censorship laws regarding the depiction of children in art are needed to stop the exploitation of children. Yet a strong belief was evident that censorship is not needed to protect the public from being corrupted by viewing pornographic material. The knowledge and opinions of a pediatrician enables a professional opinion, which reflects the concern for childrens wellbeing. The opinion of a Fine Arts Honours graduate provides the knowledge of what art is and what role it plays within society. The focus group planned will effectively explore University students views on censorship. This literature provides an interesting debate, which our focus group will aim to further with a sample of students to give a broader opinion than what is present in this journal article. The month following Bill Henson’s controversial exhibition, June 2008, an Australian Government Standing Committee on Environment, Communications and the Arts released a report titled Sexualisation of Children in the Contemporary Media. This Government document stated that the inappropriate sexualisation of children in Australia is an increasing concern. It acknowledged the complexity of defining clear boundaries and accepted that it is a significant cultural challenge. The research planned by our team will respond to the lack of research, which was acknowledge in the Government report, on the effect of child sexualisation in the Media by providing a current viewpoint of University students. University students will be able to express the viewpoints, which for ethical reasons cannot be acquired from minors. Since 2008 many photos of Miley Cyrus some intended and some not have surfaced on the Internet. Numerous articles of the Disney star who plays â€Å"Hanna Montanna† have appeared. In the June issue of Vanity Fair 2008 a photo of Miley topless, clutching a silk bed sheet to her chest, with only her bare back exposed featured. Factors of these photos lead to controversy, even though it was an artistic piece and she was predominately covered. The article titled â€Å"Miley Cyrus’ embarrassing photo shoot† written by Courtney Hazlett discusses how It didn’t take long for Miley Cyrus fans (and their parents) to become outraged over racy photos of the 15-year-old that appear in the June issue of Vanity Fair. â€Å" Miley has commented in the article produced by the MSN Entertainment that â€Å"I took part in a photo shoot that was supposed to be ‘artistic' and now, seeing the photographs and reading the story, I feel so embarrassed†¦ I never intended for any of this to happen and I apologize to my fans who I care so deeply about. â€Å" There has been an increase with teenagers taking part in these â€Å"artistic† photo shoots but is it really art? Many reviewers argue that this is not, and that the teenagers are being taken advantage of by their parents making these decisions for them. Also stating that later on in life these photos could have a bad effect them. Psychologists are saying that it may bring on the over sexualisation of teenagers, by not giving them the opportunity to go through their teenage years naturally and mature with age not acting older than they are with sexual expectations that they are not ready for. (American Psychological Association). With the availability of the internet other personal photos of Miley were released where she is showing her green bra and also her stomach is out as she is wearing a midriff laying on a boy does this have a link to the Vanity Fair shoot and is it a result of the medias pressure taking a toll on her personal life as her parents where not happy with the nude shot. In Disney’s release of its own statement about the Vanity Fair story, the Disney Channel, which broadcasts Cyrus's series Hannah Montana, said: â€Å"Unfortunately, as the article suggests, a situation was created to deliberately manipulate a 15-year-old in order to sell magazines. However in the Vanity Fair issue â€Å"Miley knows best† Miley comments that the pose was Annie Leibovitz’s idea. The topless but demure portrait accompanying this article could be seen as another baby step, toward a more mature profile. â€Å"I think it’s really artsy,† Cyrus says. â€Å"It wasn’t in a s kanky way. And you can’t say no to Annie. She’s so cute. She gets this puppy-dog look and you’re like, O. K. † Leibowitz has chimed in, too, saying that it was never her intent to portray Cyrus in any negative light. â€Å"I’m sorry that my portrait of Miley has been misinterpreted,† Leibovitz said in a statement released by Vanity Fair. The photograph is a simple, classic portrait, shot with very little makeup, and I think it is very beautiful. † (â€Å"Miley Cyrus’ embarrassing photo shoot† The Scoop 2008) Research Method: The research method of focus group interviewing has been assigned. This method entails qualitative research. The aim is to find out the opinions and attitudes of the interviewees, who are selected as a purposive sample of the target market. The focus group interviewees are lead with open-ended questions that will be asked through out the discussion. A focus group includes a role of a moderator and a researcher. The moderator conducts the focus group serving as discussion leader to the other members. The moderator is briefed by the researcher and provided with a moderators â€Å"discussion guide. † The role of the researcher involves many preparatory and other activities including, obtaining ethics and clearance of the project, finding suitable group members, they deal with all booking and hiring of the venues and moderator, they tape all audio/ visual recordings, analysis the data and prepare the summary report of findings. This process of interviewing and gathering research is a valuable way of collecting data, because it is a direct way of finding answers to specific questions, which may not be obtainable through other research methods. A structured interview is especially good when discussing controversial sensitive issues, such as the issue we are focusing on in our research question. From our group interview we are hoping to gain information and people’s views of teenage and child representation in art and the media today, and whether they think children are being sexualized or it is the natural and reasonable extension of art. Each person in our group focused on a specific area of our research question. Chelsea looked at the history of naked children and teens in art and the media. Millie focused on nudity and the sexualisation of children and teenagers in art today, using bill Henson as an example. Whilst Deanna looked at the sexualisation of teenagers in today’s media, focusing on the Miley Cyrus vogue photo shoot. Focus Group Draft Questions: Has society’s view on nudity drastically changed in the last century? Do you think one of the major reasons for these different views are the advances in technology eg mass communication, photography) Is society as a whole more sexualized than it was several centuries ago? Do you think Renaissance art was completely asexual as critics say it is, or do you think that perhaps even then there was a sexual element to the depiction of naked children? Is there any context in which you believe it is appropriate today to depict naked children? What do you define as being art? What do you define as being pornographic material? Showing a Bill Henson photograph of a young nude girl) In your personal reaction do you consider this photograph to be artistic or pornographic? And why? Do you believe parental consent should allow 12-13 year old to participate in nude photography? Do you believe that the children in these photographs will be affected by this experience in the future? Why or why not? Do you think that this photo of Miley is provocative or artistic? As Mi ley Cyrus is a child role model/ celebrity do you think it is a good idea for photos like this to be taking or do you think it sets a bad example for the younger children that admire her so much? When this photo shoot was taken Miley was 15 years of age do you think this photo is age appropriate for her? Do you think that the media has placed pressure on Miley to produce a photo like this at her age? When looking at this photo what age do you think Miley looks and what do you feel that the photo is portraying? References: American Psychological Association, Report of the APA Task Force. Sexualization of Girls, 2007 (accessed August 28, 2010) D, Isaacs, T, Isaacs. 2010. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. Is child nudity in art ever pornographic? Blackwell Publishing Inc. www. scopus. com. prospero. murdoch. edu. au (accessed August 28, 2010) Grittins, Diana. 1998. The Child in Question. London: Macmillan Press LTD Johnson, Geraldine A. 2005. Renaissance Art: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press Standing Committee on Environment, Communications and the Arts. Sexualisation of children in the contemporary media, Commonwealth of Australia 2008 published June 2008. (accessed August 28, 2010) Annotated Bibliography: American Psychological Association, Report of the APA Task Force. Sexualization of Girls, 2007 This report was written by a task force which was created in the response to journalists, child advocacy organisations, parents and psychologists who have argued that the sexualisation of girls is a broad issue in society and that it is an increasing problem which harms girls. This report gave an overview of psychological theory to assist in the understanding of the psychological harms of the over sexualisation of young girls and teenagers. It defines sexualisation and gives examples of it appearing in society. D, Isaacs, T, Isaacs. 2010. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. Is child nudity in art ever pornographic? Blackwell Publishing Inc. www. scopus. com. prospero. murdoch. edu. au This article written by David L. Isaacs and Thomas G. Isaacs titled â€Å"Is child nudity in art ever pornographic† was published in the Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. This article discusses the important debate on censorship, which followed Bill Henson’s exhibition. This debate between the two authors resulted in the view that censorship laws regarding the depiction of children in art are needed to stop the exploitation of children. Yet a strong belief was evident that censorship is not needed to protect the public from being corrupted by viewing pornographic material. Grittins, Diana. 1998. The Child in Question. London: Macmillan Press LTD This Book Focuses on children and their place in the past and in today’s society. The book focuses on the innocence of children and how that innocence has changed over time. It also explores the rights that adults hold over children and other theories that society has of children. Johnson, Geraldine A. 2005. Renaissance Art: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press This Book focuses on Renaissance art and the part it played in European art. It does focus on particular areas of Renaissance art such as the techniques used and how stories were told through the art. The book draws on many famous Renaissance artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Standing Committee on Environment, Communications and the Arts. Sexualisation of children in the contemporary media, Commonwealth of Australia 2008 published June 2008. The Australian Government Standing Committee on Environment, Communications and the Arts developed this report, titled Sexualisation of Children in the Contemporary Media. The report acknowledged the issue of the sexualisation of children in the media and the complexities of defining clear boundaries. This report has enabled us to acquire a Government perspective on the issue. The research carried out in this report outlined professional opinions of psychologists, pediatricians as well as the viewpoint of Australian parents.

Constitution Timeline - 1067 Words

Constitution Timeline! There are five particular documents that led to the development and the signing of the United States Constitution. They are the Magna Carta, the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation and the Federalists Papers. This paper will be discussing these documents and be stating if and how they impacted the United States constitution. Then it will be stating when the Unites States Constitution was finalized and passed and signed. Then there will be a summary of these in the conclusion of this paper. The Magna Carta is a document that was developed in the year 1215. This document gave people the right to have a habeas corpus. The Magna Carta was used in the development of the†¦show more content†¦For sure 14 of them were written by Madison and 5 were written be Jay. The other 15 were not clear on who wrote them. All but 8 of the Federalist papers were first printed in New York newspapers. It is the belief of Cooke (1971) that the Federalist papers had very little impact in the United States Constitution. So then the work towards the actual United States Constitution was started in the spring of 1787 with debates made between the Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan. Some of the debates discussed were Slavery, Ratification, Farmers Goals, Protecting Liberty, the Bill of Rights, the Powers of the three forms of government, more power for the people and less for the government. The United States Constitution as finally passed and signed in the summer of 1787 in the east r oom of the old Pennsylvania state house (Patterson, T.E., 2009). There were five documents that led to the development of the United States Constitution. These documents were the Magna Carta, the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, the articles of the Confederation and the Federalist papers. This paper has discussed all of these documents in detail. Then it discussed the parts of the Constitution and ended with where and when the United States Constitution was passed and was in effect. These were all import things that happened to make the United States Constitution make the United States of America the strong country it is today. ReferencesShow MoreRelatedLiberalism And Human Rights Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesrights on majority. Will does not explain the limits and further aspiration of such complications. Most importantly, Kymlicak does not put a timeline to such constitutional design. Does he believe that states should take his suggestions into consideration at one point? Is this a recommendation for new nations or no older nations should re-write their constitutions? 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